1、生长习性
NUANDAISHUZHONG,JIAONAIHAN。XIGUANG,SHAONAIYIN。XIFEIWO、PAISHUILIANGHAODETURANG,BUNAISHI。MENGYALIQIANG,NAIXIUJIAN。
2、分布范围
CHANWOGUODONGNANBU,BEIZHIHEBEI,NANZHIGUANGDONG、GUANGXI,XIZHIYUNNAN、SICHUAN,XIBEIZHISHANXI,DONGZHIZHEJIANG、JIANGSUHESHANDONGDENGSHENGQU。WEIYICHANGJIANDEZAIPEIZHIWU,DUOZHIYUTINGYUAN、WUPANG、SIJIEBIAN,SHAOSHUSHENGYUMILINHUOSHIHUIYANDIQU。MOSHIBIAOBENCAIZIBEIJING(ZAIPEIZHIWU)。
3、繁殖方法
(1)BOZHONG
9YUEZHI10YUESHOUJICHENGSHUJIAGUO,QUCHUZHONGZI,MAIYUGANSHAZHONGZHIYINLIANGCHUYUEDONG。CINIAN3YUEXIAXUNDAO4YUESHANGXUNBOZHONG,BOQIANJINXINGZHONGZICHULI,ZHEIYANGCAIZUODAOMIAOQIMIAOZHUANG。YONG60℃WENSHUIJINPAOZHONGZI,SHUILIANGHOUJIXUPAO3TIANZHI5TIAN。MEITIANXUYAOHUANLIANGSHUIYICI,ZHONGZIXISHUIPENGZHANGHOU,FANGZAI15℃HUANJINGZHONGCUIYA,MEITIANYONGWENSHUILINJIAO1CIZHI2CI,DAILUBAIHOUBOYUMIAOCHUANG,2ZHOUKEQIMIAO,CHUMIAOHOUSHIDANGJIANMIAO。4 PIANZHENYESHIKEYIZHIMIAOPUZHONG,QIDIYISHUSONGFEIWODERANGTUWEIHAO。WEIBIANYUGUANLI,ZAIZHISHIXINGKUANZHAIXING,KUANXING60LIMI,ZHAIXING40LIMI,ZHUJU30LIMIZHI40LIMI。YOUMIAOQIBUNAIHAN,DONGJIXUYONGSULIAOGONGPENGBAOHUYUEDONG。
(2)FENZHU
ZIJINGGENBUYICHANSHENGGENNIE。QIUJI10YUEFENHUOCHUNJIFAYAQIANYONGLIDAODUANNIEMIAOHEMUZHULIANJIEDECEGENLINGZHI,RONGYICHENGHUO。QIUJIFENZHUDEYINGJIAZHIBAOHUYUEDONG,CHUNJI3YUEDINGZHI。YIBANDIERNIANKEKAIHUA。
(3)YATIAO
SHENGZHANGJIJIEDOUKEJINXING,YICHUNJI3YUEZHI4YUEJIAOHAO。KONGZHONGYATIAOFAKEXUAN1NIANZHI2NIANSHENGZHITIAO,YONGLIDAOKESHANGBINGHUANBOSHUPI1.5LIMIZUOYOU,LUCHUMUZHIBU,JIANGSHENGGENFENYE(ANSHUOMINGXISHI)TUZAIKESHANGBUWEISHANGFANG3LIMIZUOYOU,DAIGANHOUYONGTONGZHUANGSULIAODAITAOZAIKESHANGCHU,ZHUANGMANSHUSONGYUANTU,JIAOSHUIHOULIANGTOUZHAJINJIKE。YIYUEHOUJIANCHA,RUTUGUOGANKEBUSHUIBAOSHI,SHENGGENHOUJIANXIALINGZHI。
GUANCONGXINGSHUKEXUANWAIWEIJIAOXIRUAN、1NIANZHI2NIANSHENGZHITIAOJIANGJIBUKESHANG,TUYISHENGGENFENYE,JIWANHOUMAIRUTUZHONG,SHANGYAZHUANSHIGUDING,DINGSHAOKEYONGGUNZHICHENGFUZHENG。YIBANDIERNIAN3YUEFENGELINGZHI。YOUXIEZHITIAODANGNIANBUSHENGGEN,KEJIXUMAIYA,DIERNIANKESHENGGEN。JIXUMAIYA,DIERNIANKESHENGGEN。
(4)QIANCHA
ZAIXIAJIDESHENGZHANGJIJIEJINXING,JIANQUDANGNIANSHENGDENENZHIZUOCHASUI,CHAYUSHATUZHONGYEKECHENGHUO,DANSHENGCHANZHONGBUCHANGYONG。
(5)JIAJIE
KEYONGZHANGSHIQIANGJIANDEPUTONGZIJING、JUZIJINGZUOZHENMU,DANYOUYUJUZIJINGDENAIHANXINGBUQIANG,GUBEIFANGDIQUBUYISHIYONG。YIJIANADAHONGYEZIJINGDENGYOULIANGPINZHONGDEYAHUOZHIZUOJIESUI,JIESUIYAOQIUPINZHONGCHUNZHENG、ZHANGSHIWANGSHENG,XUANZEWUBINGCHONGHAIHUOSHAOBINGCHONGHAIDEZHIZHUXIANGYANGMIANWAIWEIDECHONGSHIZHITIAO,JIESUICAIJIHOUJIANCHUYEPIAN,JISHIJIAJIE。KEZAI4ZHI5YUEHE8ZHI9YUEYONGZHIJIEDEFANGFA,7YUEYONGYAJIEDEFANGFAJINXING。RUGUOTIANQIGANHAN,JIAJIEQIAN1ZHI2TIANYINGGUANYICITOUSHUI,YITIGAOJIAJIECHENGHUOLV。
4、栽培技术
(1)SHUIFEIGUANLI
紫荆喜湿润环境,种植后应立即浇头水,第三天浇二水,第六天后浇三水,三水过后视天气情况浇水,以保持土壤湿润不积水为宜。夏天及时浇水,并可叶片喷雾,雨后及时排水,防止水大烂根。入秋后如气温不高应控制浇水,防止秋发。入冬前浇足防冻水。翌年3月初浇返青水,除7月和8月视降水量确定是否浇水,4至10月各浇一次透水,入冬前浇防冻水。第三年使用同样方法浇灌,第四年进入正常管理,但防冻水和返青水要浇足浇透。如条件允许,4月中下旬和9月下旬浇一次透水,其他季节可靠天生长。有人认为紫荆耐旱,怕淹,其实紫荆是喜湿润环境的,只不过不能在积水状态下生长。
紫荆喜肥,肥足则枝繁叶茂,花多色艳,缺肥则枝稀叶疏,花少色淡。应在定植时施足底肥,以腐叶肥、圈肥或烘干鸡粪为好,与种植土充分拌匀再用,否则根系会被烧伤。正常管理后,每年花后施一次氮肥,促长势旺盛,初秋施一次磷钾复合肥,利于花芽分化和新生枝条木质化后安全越冬。初冬结合浇冻水,施用牛马粪。植株生长不良可叶面喷施0.2%磷酸二氢钾溶液和0.5%尿素溶液。
(2)ZHENGXINGXIUJIAN
紫荆在园林中常作为灌丛使用,故从幼苗抚育开始就应加强修剪,以利形成良好株形。
幼苗移栽后可轻短截,促其多生分枝,扩大营养面积,积累养分,发展根系。翌春可重短截,使其萌生新枝,选择长势较好的3个枝保留,其余全部剪除。生长期内加强水肥管理,对留下的枝条摘心。定植后将多生萌蘖及时疏除,加强对头年留下的枝条的抚育,多进行摘心处理,以便多生二次枝。
在栽培中要加强对开花枝的更新。实践证明,超过5年的老枝,着花量就较少了,而且花芽上移,影响观赏,故应及时更新。
5、病害防治
ZIJINGJIAOBANBING
ZHENGZHUANG:ZHUYAOFASHENGZAIYEPIANSHANG,BINGBANCHENGDUOJIAOXING,HUANGHESEZHISHENHONGHESE,HOUQIZHESHENGHEIHESEXIAOMEIDIAN。YANZHONGSHIYEPIANSHANGBUMANBINGBAN,CHANGLIANJIECHENGPIAN,DAOZHIYEPIANKUSITUOLUO。
FABINGGUILV:WEIZHENJUNXINGBINGHAI,BINGYUANJUNWEIWEIBAOJUN、CUWEIBAOJUNLIANGZHONG。YIBANZAI7ZHI9YUEFASHENGCIBING。DUOCONGXIABUYEPIANXIANGANBING,ZHUJIANXIANGSHANGMANYANKUOZHAN。ZHIZHUSHENGZHANGBULIANG,DUOYUJIJIEFABINGZHONG,BINGYUANZAIBINGYEJICANTISHANGYUEDONG。
FANGZHI:
(1)QIUJIQINGCHUBINGLUOYE,JIZHONGSHAOHUI,JIANSHAOQINRANYUAN。
(2)FABINGSHIKEPEN50%DUOJUNLINGKESHIXINGFENJI700ZHI1000BEIYE,HUO70%DAISENMENGXINKESHIXINGFENJI800ZHI1000BEIYE,HUO80%DAISENXINXIN500BEI。10TIANPEN1CI,LIANPEN3ZHI4CIYOUJIAOHAODEFANGZHIXIAOGUO。
ZIJINGKUWEIBING
ZHENGZHUANG:YEPIANDUOCONGBINGZHIDINGDUANKAISHICHUXIANFAHUANG、TUOLUO,YIBANXIANCONGGEBIEZHITIAOFABING,HOUZHUJIANFAZHANZHIZHENGCONGKUSI。BOKAISHUPI,KEJIANMUZHIBUYOUHUANGHESEZONGTIAOWEN,QIHENGDUANMIANKEJIANDAOHUANGHESELUNWENZHUANGHUAISIBAN。
FABINGGUILV:GAIBINGYOUDIXIASHANGKOUQINRUZHIZHUGENBU,POHUAIZHIZHUDEWEIGUANSHUZUZHI,ZAOCHENGZHIZHUKUWEISIWANG。CIBINGYOUZHENJUNZHONGDELIANDAOJUNQINRANSUOZHI。BINGJUNKEZAITURANGZHONGHUOBINGZHUCANTISHANGYUEDONG,CUNHUOSHIJIANJIAOZHANG。ZHUYAOTONGGUOTURANG、DIXIAHAICHONG、GUANGAISHUICHUANBO。YIBAN6ZHI7YUEFABINGJIAOZHONG。
FANGZHI:
(1)JIAQIANGYANGHUGUANLI,ZENGQIANGSHUSHI,TIGAOZHIZHUKANGBINGNENGLI。
(2)MIAOPUDIZHUYILUNZUO,BIMIANLIANZUO,HUOZAIBOZHONGQIANTIAOSHI70%WULVXIAOJIBENFENJI3ZHI5JIN/MU。JISHIJIANCHUKUSIDEBINGZHI、BINGZHU,JIZHONGSHAOHUI,BINGYONG70%WULVXIAOJIBENHUO3%LIUSUANYATIEXIAODUCHULI。
(3)KEYONG50%FUMEISHUANGKESHIXINGFENJI200BEIHUO50%DUOJUNLINGKESHIFEN400BEI,HUOYONGKANGMEIJUNSU120SHUIJI100ppmYAOYEGUANGEN。
ZIJINGYEKUBING
ZHENGZHUANG:ZHUYAOWEIHAIYEPIAN;CHUBINGBANHONGHESEYUANXING,DUOZAIYEPIANBIANYUAN,LIANPIANBINGKUOZHANCHENGBUGUIZEXINGDABAN,ZHIDABANHUOZHENGGEYEPIANCHENGHONGHESEKUSI。HOUQIBINGBUCHANSHENGHEISEXIAODIAN。
FABINGGUILV:WEIZHENJUNBINGHAI,BINGJUNYIJUNSIHUOFENSHENGBAOZIQIZAIBINGYESHANGYUEDONG。ZHIZHUGUOMI,YIFACIBING。YIBAN6YUEKAISHIFABING。
FANGZHI:
(1)QIUJIQINGCHULUODIBINGYE,JIZHONGSHAOHUI。
(2)ZHANYEHOUYONG50%DUOJUNLING800ZHI1000BEI,HUO50%JIAJITUOBUJIN500ZHI1000BEIPENWU,10ZHI15TIANPENYICI,LIANPEN2ZHI3CI。
CHONGHAIZHUYAOYOU:
1、DASUOE
FANGZHI:
(1)QIUDONGZHAICHUSHUZHISHANGYUEDONGCHONGNANG。
(2)6YUEXIAXUNZHI7YUE,ZAIYOUCHONGFUHUAWEIHAICHUQIPENDIBAICHONG800ZHI1200BEI。
(3)BAOHUJISHENGFENG,JISHENGYINGDENGTIANDI。
2、HEBIANLVCIE
FANGZHI:
(1)QIU、DONGJIEHEJIAOFENGDONGSHUI、SHIZAIZHIZHUZHOUWEIQIANTUCENGWAMIEYUEDONGJIAN。
(2)SHAOLIANGFASHENGSHIJISHIJIANCHUCHONGYE。
(3)YOUCHONGFASHENGZAOQI,YIDIDIWEI、DIBAICHONG、SHAMINGSONGDENGSHACHONGJI1000BEIPENSHA。
3、YACHONG
FANGZHI:KEPEN40%LEGUORUYOU1000BEIPENSHA。