一、形态特征

YANJIECAOYUMAIDONGCAOXIANGSI，DANTONGCHANGMAIDONGDEHUATINGJIAOYEDUANDEDUO；HUAKAISHIHUABEIPIANBUXIANGWAIZHANGKAIHUOSHAOZHANGKAI，HUAZHUCUERDUAN，JIBUKUANKUO，XIANGSHANGJIANXIA，JINYUANZHUIXINGDENGJUNBUTONGYUBENZHONG。GENXIANXI，JINMODUANCHUYOUSHIJUPENGDACHENGFANGCHUIXINGDEXIAOKUAIGEN；DIXIAZOU JINGZHANG，ZHIJING1-2HAOMI，JIESHANGJUMOZHIDEQIAO。JINGHENDUAN。YEJISHENGCHENGCONG，HEYEZHUANG，ZHANG20-40LIMI，KUAN2-4HAOMI，XIANDUANJIANJIAN，JU3-5TIAOMAI，BIANYUANJUXIJUCHI。HUATINGJIAOYESHAODUANHUOJIDENGZHANG，ZONGZHUANGHUAXUZHANG1-7LIMI，JUJIDUOZHISHIJIDUOHUA；HUACHANGDANSHENGHUO2DUOCUSHENGYUBAOPIANYENEI；BAOPIANTIAOXINGHUOPIZHENXING，SHAOSHUCHENGZHENXING，SHAODAIHUANGSE，BANTOUMING，ZUIXIAMIANDEZHANGYUE7HAOMI，SHAOSHUGENGZHANGXIE；HUAGENGZHANG5-8HAOMI，GUANJIEWEIYUZHONGBU；HUABEIPIANLUANZHUANGPIZHENXING、PIZHENXINGHUOJINJUYUANXING，ZHANG4-6HAOMI，NEILUNSANPIANKUANYUWAILUNSANPIAN，BAISEHUOSHAODAIZISE；HUASIHENDUAN，ZHANGBUJI1HAOMI；HUAYAOXIAPIZHENXING，ZHANGYUE2.5HAOMI，CHANGCHENGLVHUANGSE；HUAZHUXI，ZHANG4-5HAOMI。ZHONGZIJINQIUXINGHUOTUOYUANXING，ZHIJING5-6HAOMI。HUAQI6-8YUE，GUOQI8-10YUE。

ER、SHENGZHANGXIXING

YANJIECAOJINENGZAIQIANGYANGGUANGZHAOSHEXIASHENGZHANG，YOUNENGRENSHOUYINBIHUANJING，SHUNAIYINZHIWU。ZAIJIANZHUWUBEIYINCHUHUOZHUCONG、GAODAQIAOMUDEYINYINGXIAZHONGNIANBUJIANZHISHEYANGGUANGDEDIFANGNENGMAOSHENGSHENGZHANG，QIEYEMIANBIZHISHEGUANGXIACUILVERYOUGUANGZE。NENGNAISHOU-20℃DEDIWENERANQUANYUEDONG，QIEHANDONGJIJIEYESESHIZHONGBAOCHICHANGLV；NENGNAISHOUZUIGAOQIWEN46℃，ZAINANYAREQIHOUDAI，HAIBA780MIDENANPANJIANGHEGUZHONGZHI，NENGANQUANYUEXIA，YANJIECAODENAISHUIXINGYEBIJIAOHAO，ZAIYUSHUIZHONGJINPAO7TIANRENGWULAOHAIZHENGZHUANG，ZAINIANJUNXIANGDUISHIDU81%DELUOPINGXIANSHENGZHANGLIANGHAO，NAISHIXINGJIQIANG。YANJIECAODEGENXIFADA，NENGCHUCUNDALIANGDESHUIFENHEYINGYANGWUZHI，YEPIANJUYOULAZHIBAOHUCENG，KEZAIGANHANHUANJINGXIAZUIDAXIANDUDIJIANSHAOSHUIFENZHENGFA，WEICHIQIZHENGCHANGDESHENGZHANGSHENGHUOSUOXUDEYINGYANGHESHUIFEN。JUCEDING，GANHANDE12YUEZHICINIAN1YUEYEPIANHANSHUILIANGRENGNENGDADAO60-80%。JIANZHIFUGAIHOU，KEBUBIGUANGAI。

SAN、FANZHIFANGFA

YANJIECAOWEICHUNJIBOZHONG，XINGJU15-20cm，MEIXUEXIAZHONG3-5LI，FUTU2cmHOU。DI3NIANKEYIZAI。YEKEQIUJIZHONGZICHENGSHUSHICAIZHONG，BAJIANGZHIXIJING，SUIJIBOZHONG，BOSHEN2-3cm，BOHOU20-30TIANFAYA，DUOZAICHUNJI，QICHUZHUCONG，FENZHUSHI，WACHULAOZHUCONG，JIANGLAOYEJIANQU2/3，MIAOCUN5-7TIAN，DOUDIAONITU，JIANKAIDIXIAJING，FENCHENGMEICONG3-5XIAOZHU。

YANJIECAOWULUNPENZAIHUODIZAIJUNJIAOJIANDAN，WUXUJINGXIGUANLI。DANYAOQIUTONGFENGLIANGHAODEBANYINHUANJING，JINGCHANGBAOCHITURANGSHIRUN，BEIFANGHANJIYINGJINGCHANGPENSHUI，YEPIANCAINENGYOULVFALIANG，RUGUOKONGQIGUOYUGANZAO，YEPIANCHANGCHANGHUICHUXIANGANJIANXIANXIANG。TABUNAIGANHAN，JIAONAISHUISHI，DANRUGUOPENTUZHANGQIJISHUI，ROUZHIGENHEDIXIAJINGYEHUIFULAN，YINQISHENGZHANGXUNSU，CHUZAIZHISHISHIZUJIFEIWAI，SHENGZHANGQIHAIYINGZHUIFEI，ZUIHAOSHIMEIYUEZHUIYICIYETIFEI。

ZHUYIQINGCHUZACAO，PENZAIZHEXIAJIYINGZHIYINPENGXIA，JILIERIZHISHE，ZAIYINBIHUANJINGXIAYESECUILV，PENZAIYANJIECAOYIBANLIANGNIANXUFANPENYICI，FOUZEDIXIAROUZHIGENHUIBUMANQUANPEN，JIANGPENTUDINGCHUPENMIAN，GENXIZHUJIANKUSI，YEPIANYEHUIFAHUANG。SUOYI，YAODUILAOYEJINXINGJIANCHUBINGCHUQUWAIWEISANFENZHIYIDAOSANFENZHIERSUGEN，BAOLIUXINYA，ZAIHUANSHANGXINTUJIKE。LINGWAI，YANJIECAOKANGXINGQIANG，BUYIFASHENGBINGCHONGHAI。

TINGYUANDIZAIDUODANXINGZHIYUXIAOJINGLIANGCE，ZHUJU30-40LIMI，ZAISHISHIRUJIFEI，ZAIHOUJIAOTOUSHUI，PINGSHIZHUYIQINGCHUZACAO，BAOCHITURANGSHIRUN。PENZAIKEYONGFUYETUSHANGPEN，BIYINYANGHU，6YUESHIFEILIANGCI，QITAJIJIEBUBISHIFEI，PENTUBAOCHISHIRUN。MEILIANGNIANHUANPEN1CI，HUANPENSHISHIDANGXIUQU1/3DEWAIWEILAOGEN，BINGJINXINGFENZHU。DIZAIDONGJIKELUDIYUEDONG，PENZAIZUIHAORUSHI，ZAI1-5℃DESHINEIJIKEYUEDONG。

SI、BINGCHONGFANGZHI

YANJIECAOYEKUBINGSHIYOUBANZHIJUNYAMENZHENJUNYINFADEYIZHONGCHANGJIANBING。ZHEIZHONGBINGBUJINFABINGMENG，CHUANBOKUAI，ERQIEDUIYANJIECAOSHUQITAZHIWUYEKEZAOCHENGWEIHAI。

ZHENGZHUANG：ZHUYAODUIYANJIECAOYEPIANZAOCHENGQINHAI，YIBANCONGYEJIANKAISHIFASHENG，CHUQIBINGBANCHENGHUISEKUWEIZHUANG，ZHUJIANZHUANWEIHUIBAISE，HOUQIBINGBANGANKU，BINGZHESHENGYOUHEISELIZHUANGWU。

FASHENGGUILV：BINGYUANJUNYIFENSHENGBAOZI、JUNHEZAIJISHENGZHIWUBINGCANTISHANGYUEDONGJIUJIEYUSHUI、JIAOSHUICHUANBO。ZHENGGESHENGZHANGQIJUNYOUFASHENG，HUABEIDIQU5-9YUEWEIFABINGGAOFENGQI。

FANGZHIFANGFA：JIAQIANGSHUIFEIGUANLI，ZHUYITIGAOLIN、JIAFEIDESHIYONGLIANG；CHUNJIZHIZHUMENGYASHIYONG75%BAIJUNQINGKESHIXINGKELI1000BEIYEPENSHIJINXINGYUFANG，MEIGE7TIANPEN1CI，LIANXUPEN3-4CI，KEYOUXIAOFANGZHIGAIBINGFASHENG；FABINGQIJINZHIPENGUAN，JISHIPAICHUJISHUI；RUYOUBINGHAIFASHENGKEYONG50%DUOJUNLINGKESHIXINGFENJI500BEIYEHUO75%JIAJITUOBUJINKESHIXINGFENJI1000BEIYEPENWU，LIANPEN3-4CI，MEICIJIANGE10TIAN，YUHOUYAOZHUYIBUPEN。

WU、ZHUYAOJIAZHI

1、YIYAO

YANJIECAOKUAIGEN：YANGYIN，SHENGJIN，RUNFEI，ZHIKE。

YANJIECAOQUANZHURUYAO，ZHUZHI：FEIZAOGANKE；FEIYONG；YINXULAOSOU；JINSHANGKOUKE；XIAOKE；XINFANSHIMIAN；YANHOUTENGTONG；CHANGZAOBIANMI；XUERETUNV；ZIYINRUNFEI；YIWEISHENGJIN；QINGXINCHUFAN。

2、YUANLIN

YANJIECAOZHANGSHIQIANGJIAN，NAIYINXINGQIANG，ZHIZHUDIAI，GENXIFADA，FUGAIXIAOGUOJIAOKUAI，SHIYIZHONGLIANGHAODEDIBEIZHIWU，KECHENGPIANZAIYUFENGJINGQUDEYINSHIKONGDIHESHUIBIANHUPANZUODIBEIZHIWU。YESEZHONGNIANCHANGLV，HUATINGZHITING，HUASEDANYA，NENGZUOWEIPENZAIGUANYEZHIWU。